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Array Functions Summary
Manipulation of arrays is one of Perl's strong points. The array functions can be categorized roughly into four areas, depending on how they manipulate or return information about arrays.

Add Elements	push, unshift
Delete Elements	pop, shift
Combline/Split Elements	splice, split, join
Rearrange Elements	sort, reverse

Array Functions Reference
Here's a quick reference of the available array functions, in alphabetical order.

Unless otherwise noted, these functions operate on $_ by default.

• join - joins a list/array into a string

      $result = join EXPR, @array
      

• pop - removes last element of array, and returns it

      pop @array    # same effect as $array[$#array--]
      

• push - adds elements to end of array

      push @array, LIST
      

• shift - remove first element of an array, and returns it

      shift @array
      

• sort - sorts a list/array

      $result = sort [SUBNAME,BLOCK] list
      

• splice - add/remove elements anywhere in the array

       splice @array, OFFSET, LENGTH, LIST
            # removes elements designated by OFFSET and LENGTH 
            # replaces them with the elements of LIST    
            # negative OFFSET starts from end of array
            # LENGTH may be omitted
      

• split - separate a string into substrings

      split /PATTERN/, (expression), LIMIT   
      Examples:
      ($one, $two, $three) = split ( /:/ "111:222:333" )
      @result = split ( / / "111 222 333" )
      

  Note: The expression default is $_ and can be a regex or simply an exact string.

• unshift - adds elements to start of array

      unshift @array, LIST
      

• reverse - reverses elements of a list

      @result = reverse (1,2,3)
      

Array Code Snippets
The following code shows several methods of manipulating arrays.

     @x = (3,"dog",1.9)    # assign a list of values 
     $x[5]=3               # assigns value to array element number 6
     @newarray = @x[0..3]  # slice of values from existing array

     $size = @x                 # $size is # elements in array
     $last index = $#x          # $lastindex is highest index in array
     $#x = 5                    # truncates array at 5 elements
     @x = ()                    # clears an array
     @x = sort @x               # sort an array
     @x = reverse @x            # reverse an array
     splice (@x, 0, 5)          # remove elements 0-4
     @new = splice (@x, 0, 5)   # @new has the removed elements 0-4
     splice (@x, 2, 1, "dog")   # element 2 replaced with "dog"
     @new = @x[1,4,6]           # @new has only elements 1,4,6
     ($a,$b) = @x               # assigns $a/$b from array

If you have any suggestions or corrections, please let me know.