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Printing
Perl provides only a limited number of print functions, but has strong formatting features.

Unformatted	print
Formatted	printf

Print Functions Reference
Here's a quick reference of the available print functions, in alphabetical order.

Unless otherwise noted, these functions operate on $_ by default.

• print - output a list to a filehandle

      print FILEHANDLE LIST     # no comma between arguments
  
      print <OUTFILE>> $number  # print value of $number to file
      print $number             # default is to standard output
  
      

• printf - output a formatted list to a filehandle

      printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST
  
      printf <OUTFILE> "%08d", $number;   # up to 8 leading zeros
      printf "%.3f", $number;             # rounded
      

Format Strings
Format control strings (for use with the printf function) are created using combinations of elements from the the following 3 tables.

List Element Formats
• %s - string
• %d - signed integer
• %i - same as %d
• %u - unsigned integer
• %o - unsigned octal integer
• %x - unsigned hex integer
• %X - same as %x, but with use uppercase letters
• %e - floating point number, scientific notation
• %E - same as %e, but with uppercase "E"
• %f - floating point number, in fixed decimal notation
• %F - same as %f
• %g - floating point number, %e of %f notation chosen by Perl
• %G - sames as %g, but with uppercase "E"
• %c - ASCII character of value in format list

Widths
• number - minimum field width
• .number - digits after decimal point, max string length, min integer length
• * - same as number but value is read in from list of data to be output
• .* - same as .number but value read in from list of data to be output

Format Flags
• space - place spaces before number (default)
• 0 - place zeros before number
• + - put a + or - before number
• - - left justify
• # - prefix octal with "0,", hex with "0x"

If you have any suggestions or corrections, please let me know.